怎样写商务洽谈中汉语否定含义英译剖析

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摘 要:在日常商务洽谈中,可用隐性和显性的方式表达汉语的否定含义。文章例子,剖析用对应形式、交叉表达、灵活转换的策略会计专业论文,翻译商务洽谈汉语否定内容,提高商务洽谈的应用能力。
会计论文范文词:显性否定 隐性否定 对应形式 交叉表达 灵活转换
中图分类号:F740.4文献标识码:A
文章编号:1004-4914(2012)01-139-02
在人类社会发展中,不同民族形成了表达否定情感的多种方式,这些方式在不同的语言的中均有。在商务洽谈活动中,买卖双方因保护自身利益而拒绝对方的条件,经常使用一些表达否定含义的策略会计专业论文。汉语中有“非、不、否、没、无、未”等词语表达“反对、否认、不认可”等显性的否定意义,也有“禁止、拒绝、短缺、失败、薄弱、滥用、排斥、撤消”等不太显性或隐性的表达形式。在翻译成英语时,可用显性的英语否定表达方式,如“no,non-not,neither,never,etc.”也可用隐性的英语否定表达式,如:oid,prohibit,refuse,fail,weak,misuse,cancel,miss,lack,stop, prevent,impossible,hardly.etc.同时,转换角度,显性的否定形式用隐性的形式表达,反之亦然。浅析【会计论文】一些实用的翻译策略会计专业论文,用商务英语显性或隐性否定形式对应、交叉、转译商务汉语否定内容,于提高商务洽谈实际应用能力。

一、隐性否定内容的翻译策略会计专业论文

商务英语中,有一些不表达否定含义的句子,它们不用not,none,no等词语,但具有表达否定意义的作用。:
He is a qualified producer?=He is not a qualified producer.
Am I his supplier?=It is not my duty to supply his goods.
It is beyond my power to sell it cheaper. =I cannot sell it cheaper.
He I money enough?=I hen’t enough money.
Catch me doing that?=I shall not do that.
商务汉语中,也有一些表达否定内容的词语,如:“禁止、拒绝、短缺、失败、薄弱、滥用、排斥、撤消”等等,它们与“非、不、否、没、无、未”等表达否定内容的词语具有的功能。有必要一些例句,浅析【会计论文】相应的英译策略会计专业论文。
1.对应形式。用非或隐性的英语否定词语,如:形容词weak,less,impossible,last;动词oid,prohibit,refuse,fail,misuse,cancel,miss,lack,stop,prevent;名词refusal,failure;副词rarely,hardly等,以祈使句、陈述句、从句等形式对应翻译商务汉语否定内容。
(1)用祈使句翻译商务汉语的隐性否定。商务汉语中有一些简单扼要的祈使句,它们表达非或隐性的否定内容,翻译成商务英语时,可保留其祈使句形式。
例1:禁止卡车通行。
译文:Prohibit Commercial Vehicles.
例2:闲人免进。
译文:Prohibit trespass.(Business entry.)
例3:馆开放时间:9:00-17:00,16:00起停止入馆。
译文:China Pilion operating hours:9:00-17:00,last entry:16:00.
(2)用陈述句中非否定词语翻译商务汉语的隐性否定。商务汉语有一些带有隐性否定意义的陈述句,翻译成商务英语时,仍可用陈述句表达其隐性或非的否定含义,也可灵活处理。
例1:供应链除供应论文格式范文外,还有生产、选址、库存、运输、信息等论文格式范文。
译文:A supply chain is made up of more than supply, it includes other key elements:production,location,inventory, transportation and information.
例2:现有重量、尺寸、颜色和形状的大理石可供顾客选择。
译文:There are sorts of marble commodities here,in different weights and sizes,with varied colors and shapes.
例3:,拥有高效能的管理人员,公司成功的可能性更大,而管理人员能力低下的公司则会失败。
译文:It is generally agreed that organizations with effective managers will likely be succesul,whereas organizations with poor managers will likely fail
例4:少数人对公共关系误解,错误地用它来描述从销售到招待客人等无所不包的活动,事实上,它特指非常的交流。
译文:Public relation is a term misunderstood and misused by the minority to describe anything from selling to hosting, when in fact it is a very specific communication process.
例5:发展家外汇短缺,外贸流入远远外贸需求。对于来说,易货贸易仍然具有一定的吸引力。
译文:Barter trade is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.
例6:公司很难硕士论文公司的情况。
译文1:It is impossible for a company to know the general conditions of all the other companies.
译文2:A company hardly knows the general conditions of all the other companies.
(3)用英语从句中隐性否定词语翻译商务汉语的隐性否定。商务汉语中,有一些简短从句或状语结构隐性或非的否定词语,翻译成商务英语时,可用英语从句及相应词语对应翻译。
例1:未签合同前,必须继续商谈。


译文:Negotiation has to be continued before the contract is signed.(从句连接词)
例2:为了避开赔偿损失,你会与保险公司签订合同吗?
译文:Would you consider signing contracts with the insurance company for unnecessary compensation?
例3:除非生产商更新设备,否则他很难确保产品质量。
译文:It’s a hard job for the producer to dispose of inferior products unless he updates the equipment
2.交叉表达。汉英翻译是将汉语语言文化承载的意义转换到英语语言文化的跨语言、跨文化交际活动。商务汉语的隐性否定内容也可转换成商务英语的显性否定形式。
例1:涉及业务规定发生变化与本须知内容有出入时,以邮局公布的为准。
译文:If the service regulations caused by the change in the service does not agree with this notice, please refer to the announcement in the post office.
例2:顾客用国产部件代替进口部件。
译文:Many customers tend to buy domestic parts and do not rely on imported ones.
例3:吸烟有害。
译文:Stop oking.

二、显性否定的翻译策略会计专业论文

在商务汉语中,经常用“非、不、否、没、无、未”等表达否定的词语,在英译中,可探索对应翻译、交叉表达、灵活转译等策略会计专业论文。
1.对应形式。用no,non-not,neither,never等显性的英语否定词语,以祈使句、陈述句、英语从句的形式,翻译商务汉语的显性否定内容。
(1)用祈使句翻译商务汉语的显性否定。商务汉语有简短的祈使句,了“非、不、否、没、无、未”等否定词语,在翻译成商务英语时,可用显性的英语否定词语对应翻译。
例1:门票一经标记或打孔,不得作入馆使用。
译文:No re-entry once marked or punched.
例2:门票一经售出,不予退换。
译文:Non-refundable after sale (unless otherwise stated by the Expo Bureau.)
有些了“非、不、否、没、无、未”等否定词语的陈述句,也能译成显性否定的英语祈使句。
例1:任何人不得夹带药品、、爆炸性、易燃性、腐蚀性、放射性、毒性的危险品。
译文:No such harmful articles as drugs,cash,explosive, flammable, corrosive,radioactive,poisonous goods,etc.
例2:游客不准携带动物及上海世博局规定的其他禁带物品入馆。
译文:No animals or any other items prohibited by the Expo Bureau in the pilion.
(2)用陈述句否定词语翻译商务汉语的显性否定。商务汉语使用带有显性否定意义的陈述句形式,翻译成商务英语时,可保留相应的陈述句形式。
例1:一方履行其合同义务,另一方可向法院起诉。
译文:The other party will bring a lawsuit against the party performing no contractual obligations.
例2:这些措施马上使城市干净,但为建设更清洁、更美丽的首都铺平道路。
译文:These measures will not clean the city overnight, but he ped the way for building a cleaner and more beautiful capital.
例3:消费者论文格式范文傻子。你仅凭几句口号,干巴巴的形容词就能诱使消费者购买任何东西的话,那么你就亵渎了他或她的智慧。
译文:The consumer isn’t a moron. You insult his or her intelligence if you assume that a mere slogan and a few vapid adjectives will persuade him or her to buy anything.
(3)用英语从句中否定词语翻译商务汉语的显性否定。商务汉语使用带有显性否定内容的从句,翻译成商务英语时,探索相应的句式。
例1:如甲方履行其合同义务,另一方可向法院起诉。
译文:Should Party A not perform its contractual obligations, Party B will lodge a lawsuit against it.
例2:信函投递,务必退还寄件人。
译文:In case of non-delivery, letters must be returned to the sender.
例3:制造出来的产品如在一定的时间内以合理的卖出去,一种。
译文:The production of goods is a waste of resources if those goods cannot be sold at a fair price within a reasonable time span.
例4:假如货物论文格式范文实际丢失,受损,这“推定全损”。
译文:A‘constructive total loss”might occur if the cargo is not actually lost, but is seriously damaged.
2.交叉表达。在日常的商务洽谈中,转换角度,将显性的汉语否定内容译成英语隐性的否定形式。
例1:如你方履行其合同义务,我方有权向法院起诉。
译文:We he the right to bring a lawsuit if you fail to perform its contractual obligations.(显性的否定形式转为隐性的否定形式)
例2:不通电源,机器就运行。
译文:When the power is off, the machine does not run oothly.
例3:仲裁费如未另行裁定应由败诉方负担。
译文:The arbitration fees shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise noted.

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例4:按货物金额90%开立以卖方为受益人的撤销的信用证,凭卖方汇票跟单向开证行议付。
译文:By irrevocable letter of credit for 90% of the total invoice value of the goods to be shipped, in for of the seller, payable at the issuing bank against the seller’s draft at sight accompanied by the shipping documents stipulated in the credit.

三、灵活转换

在翻译商务汉语否定内容时,灵活转换,可用英语的形式表示。
例1:阶段,产品销售在一般收入的大众化市场,整个产品系列在不同场合以不同的出售,促销具有很强的竞争性。
译文:At this stage, the erage-income mass market makes its purchases. A full line of products is made ailable at many outlets and many prices levels. Promotion becomes very competitive.
例2:不给进口商佣金。
译文:We offer zero commission to importers.
有时,在翻译商务汉语句时,也可有英语否定形式表达。
例1:安德是最理想的主持人,他比任何人都强。
译文:There's nobody like Andy and there never will be.
例2:产品质量最好。
译文:There is no product better than this product.
在翻译商务汉语否定句时,可探索浅析【会计论文】多种策略会计专业论文。
例1:商品未经检验,交货。
译文1:Never deliver the commodities before they are inspected.
译文2:Deliver the commodities after they he been inspected.
译文3:Do not deliver the commodities unless they are inspected.
译文4:No delivery of the commodities before they he been inspected.
译文5:Avoid delivering the commodities before they are inspected.
例2:宁用塑料机械零件代替金属机械零件。
译文1:They prefer machine parts of plastics to those of metals.
译文2:They would rather use machine parts of plastics than use those of metals.
译文3:They do not use machine parts of metals and try to apply those of plastics.
译文4:They substitute machine parts of metals for those of plastics
译文5:They use machine parts of plastics and oid using those of metals.
言之,在翻译商务汉语否定内容时,考虑显性的否定形式,考虑隐性的否定形式;既可用相应的英语否定形式对应翻译汉语的否定形式,也可交叉翻译,把汉语中隐性的否定形式译成英语的显性否定形式,反之亦然。中所浅析【会计论文】的对应形式、交叉表达、灵活转换等策略会计专业论文,有助于对比多种翻译版本的特点, 做到好中选优,在一定上能拓宽在商务洽谈和商务翻译中视野,提高商务洽谈和商务翻译实际应用能力。
[课题来源:江苏省教育厅2011年高等教育教改立项研究课题(2011JSJG498)]
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(作者简介:耿建祥,副教授,沙洲职业工学院外语专业指导委员会主任,商务英语专业带头人,人事处长兼校督导组长 江苏张家港 215600)
(责编:若佳)

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