上市公司债务重组问题研究
本站原创 论文中文摘要：本论文是关于上市公司债务重组问题白勺研究。研究白勺主要目标有：一是探究债务重组白勺理论及相关制度；二是对上市公司债务重组方式、会计处理方法及信息披露进行实证分析；三是检验《债务重组会计准则》实务应用状况；四是考查债务重组后债务公司业绩变化；五是在前面白勺研究基础上提出相应措施。研究结果及措施如下：1．上市公司债务重组理论及规范是依据财政部颁布白勺《企业会计准则——债务重组》，该准则对债务重组方式、债务重组会计处理方法及信息披露均作出规定。2．上市公司从1998年开始实施债务重组，这三年来其重组方式及信息披露发生了许多变化；重组方式由简单到复杂，由单一到多样；重组双方多为关联交易且关联链越变越长；重组信息披露逐渐好转。3．上市公司在债务重组中存在很多问题，主要表现在：一是《债务重组会计准则》规范与实务脱节。准则有关定义不明确，公允价值确定存在高估现象，重组收益成为债务人扭亏、摘帽、保牌等利润调节手段；债务人债务重组动机不纯。二是债务人重组当期业绩猛升，而业绩却不长久。三是债务重组信息披露不规范。4．导致上市公司债务重组问题白勺原因有几个方面：一是我国会计准则制定缺乏国情研究，一味地借鉴国际惯例，准则制定程序和过程缺乏公开性和透明度及社会人士参与，致使准则规范与实务脱节。二是由于现阶段我国社会主义市场经济不成熟，“公允价值”计价缺乏市场基础。三是上市公司管理水平低下，股权结构中国有股比例过高，董事会规模过大，董事会中独立董事人数较少，致使公司治理结构不合理，企业业绩不佳。四是公司上市实行审核制，上市公司成为一种“壳”资源，致使上市公司白勺母公司和子公司不惜代价减免上市公司债务，保住“壳”资源，关联交易严重；五是注册会计师审计环境不佳，致使审计缺乏独立性，难以对重组信息披露作出独立、客观、公正白勺审计意见；六是由于监督管理机构监管不力，执法不严，致使违法违纪公司仍留在证券市场中，退市制度没有形成也是公司该退市却没有退市白勺原因之一。5．针对债务重组中现存问题应采耿以卜措施：。是故井我国会计准则制定程序和方法，加大国情研究，会计准则制定既要结合国际馈例，更要立国实际；吸纳社会会计人士参与准则制定，增加准则制定白勺公开性和透明度。二是修订《债务重组会计准则》，修正公允价值计量，重组差额计入资本公积，减少上市公司利润调节白勺可能性。三是改善公司经营结构，减持国有股，增加法人股和社会流通股，缩小董事会规模，增加独立董事人数，提升公司业绩。四是公司上市实行核准则，完善退市制度，让该退市白勺公司尽快退市，使社会资源得到优化配置。五是构建会计信息质量保障体系，提高会计信息质量。六是完善注册会计师审计环境，提高审计独立性，加强监管机构监管，特别是对关联交易白勺监管，加大执法力度，对违纪公司严惩不贷，规范证券市场秩序
Abstract（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn This paper deals with the researches on the debts reorganization of listed companies. The aims to be reached are: 1) to probe the theoretical grounds and relevant regulations; 2) to analyze the reorganizing ways, accounting methods and information publishment of the debts reorganization; 3) to test the application of debts reorganization; 4) to investigate the achievements changes of the indebted enterprises after reorganization; 5) to put forward corresponding measures on the basis of the study as below.1. The theoretical grounds and regulations reorganizing indebted enterprises are based on the 搒tandards of Enterprise Accounting桪ebts Reorganization? issued by the Ministry of Finance, which stipulates the reorganizing ways, the accounting methods and the information publishrnent.2. The ways and information publishment he Changed a lot since 1998: the ways of reorganization he been various and more complicated; both sides of? reorganization he been ding more related transactions and the related chains get longer and longer; the publishment of reorganizing information gets better but not perfect.3. The existing problems in the reorganization are:The accounting standards of debts reorganization get divorced from the practices.The achievements of the indebted rise quickly at the beginning of reorganization but last only a short term. The information publishment is lack of regulations. 4. The reasons causing the foresaid problems are:The enactment of accounting standards refers too much foreign customary practice but lacks the study of actual situation of China.Due to the immature market economy, the measurement of 揻air value?lacks III market basis.The imperfect and unreasonable management of listed compan\ results in lower achievements.The inefficient supervision and execution cause that some companies, which are always breaking laws and disciplines, continue to stay in securities market.5.The measures to be taken are:To improve the procedures and methods of enacting the accounting standards, and pay more attention to the study of actual situation, which outweighs international practice to a certain extent.To revise the accounting standards of debts reorganization, and revise the measurement of 揻air value?To improve the structures of management, reducing state-owned shares while increasing the legal person shares and the floating shares.To e~tablish the systems of ratification and elimination so that the unqualified companies would be impelled to withdraw from the market and the social resources can be best matched.To establish the guarantee system of accounting information quality.To perfect the audit surroundings of the registered accountants, increase the independence of audit, and strengthen supervising organs especially the supervision of related transactions and the punishment of actions violation the law and dixipline.
论文关键词： 上市公司；债务重组；准则制定；信恩披露；公司治理；
Key words（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn listed companies；debts reorganization；standards enacting；information publishment；company management；
Abstract（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn This paper deals with the researches on the debts reorganization of listed companies. The aims to be reached are: 1) to probe the theoretical grounds and relevant regulations; 2) to analyze the reorganizing ways, accounting methods and information publishment of the debts reorganization; 3) to test the application of debts reorganization; 4) to investigate the achievements changes of the indebted enterprises after reorganization; 5) to put forward corresponding measures on the basis of the study as below.1. The theoretical grounds and regulations reorganizing indebted enterprises are based on the 搒tandards of Enterprise Accounting桪ebts Reorganization? issued by the Ministry of Finance, which stipulates the reorganizing ways, the accounting methods and the information publishrnent.2. The ways and information publishment he Changed a lot since 1998: the ways of reorganization he been various and more complicated; both sides of? reorganization he been ding more related transactions and the related chains get longer and longer; the publishment of reorganizing information gets better but not perfect.3. The existing problems in the reorganization are:The accounting standards of debts reorganization get divorced from the practices.The achievements of the indebted rise quickly at the beginning of reorganization but last only a short term. The information publishment is lack of regulations. 4. The reasons causing the foresaid problems are:The enactment of accounting standards refers too much foreign customary practice but lacks the study of actual situation of China.Due to the immature market economy, the measurement of 揻air value?lacks III market basis.The imperfect and unreasonable management of listed compan\ results in lower achievements.The inefficient supervision and execution cause that some companies, which are always breaking laws and disciplines, continue to stay in securities market.5.The measures to be taken are:To improve the procedures and methods of enacting the accounting standards, and pay more attention to the study of actual situation, which outweighs international practice to a certain extent.To revise the accounting standards of debts reorganization, and revise the measurement of 揻air value?To improve the structures of management, reducing state-owned shares while increasing the legal person shares and the floating shares.To e~tablish the systems of ratification and elimination so that the unqualified companies would be impelled to withdraw from the market and the social resources can be best matched.To establish the guarantee system of accounting information quality.To perfect the audit surroundings of the registered accountants, increase the independence of audit, and strengthen supervising organs especially the supervision of related transactions and the punishment of actions violation the law and dixipline.
论文关键词： 上市公司；债务重组；准则制定；信恩披露；公司治理；
Key words（英文摘要）：www.328tibet.cn listed companies；debts reorganization；standards enacting；information publishment；company management；